第四章 菊石的运气(第6/6页)
“菊石什么也没做错。”兰德曼一边对我说着,一边把小溪中取得的最后一块化石收拾好,准备返回纽约市了。“它们的幼体像是浮游动物,而这在它们所存在的岁月里是件极好的事情。随波逐流,扩散到更广阔的地域中,还有什么更好的方法吗?然而到了最后,这可能恰恰成了它们毁灭的原因。”
[1] 指欧洲历史上中世纪与文艺复兴的过渡时期。——译者
[2] Walter Alvarez,“Earth History in the Broadest Possible Context,”Ninety-Seventh Annual Faculty Research Lecture,University of California,Berkeley,International House,delivered Apr.29,2010.
[3] Walter Alvarez,T.rex and the Crater of Doom(Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,1997),139.
[4] 在物理学实验中,通过电离产生的气泡显示带电粒子轨迹的一种装置。——译者
[5] 为调查肯尼迪遇刺案而专门成立的总统调查委员会。——译者
[6] Walter Alvarez,T.rex and the Crater of Doom(Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,1997),69.
[7] Richard Muller,Nemesis(New York:Weidenfeld and Nicolson,1988),51.
[8] Quoted in Charles Officer and Jake Page,“The K-T Extinction,”in Language of the Earth:A Literary Anthology,2nd ed.,edited by Frank H.T.Rhodes,Richard O.Stone,and B ruce D.Malamud(Chichester,England:Wiley,2009),183.
[9] Quoted in Malcolm W.Browne,“Dinosaur Experts Resist Meteor Extinction Idea,”New York Times,Oct.29,1985.
[10] New York Times Editorial Board,“Miscasting the Dinosaur’s Horoscope,”New York Times,Apr.2,1985.
[11] Lyell,Principles of Geology,vol.3(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1991),328.
[12] David M.Raup,The Nemesis Affair:A Story of the Death of Dinosaurs and the Ways of Science(New York:Norton,1986),58.
[13] Darwin,On the Origin of Species,310-311.
[14] Darwin,On the Origin of Species,73.
[15] George Gaylord Simpson,Why and How:Some Problems and Methods in Historical Biology(Oxford:Pergamon Press,1980),35.
[16] Quoted in Browne,“Dinosaur Experts Resist Meteor Extinction Idea.”
[17] B.F.Bohor et al.,“Mineralogic Evidence for an Impact Event at the Cretaceous -Tertiary Boundary,”Science 224(1984):867-869.
[18] 在钻探时使用空心钢钻头在地层深处取得的沉积物柱状样本,可以完好地保留地层的序列,用于地质学分析。——译者
[19] Neil Landman et al.,“Mode of Life and Habitat of Scaphitid Ammonites,”Geobios 54(2012):87-98.
[20] 私人通讯,Steve D’Hondt,Jan.5,2012。
[21] 位于印度尼西亚,其1883年的爆发是人类历史记录中规模最大的火山爆发,导致5万多人丧生。——译者
[22] 典出库布里克讽刺冷战的电影《奇爱博士》,片中最后爆发了毁灭地球的核战,此处借这个名字来表示撞击后海洋中了无生机的状态。——译者
[23] Nicholas R.Longrich,T.Tokaryk,and D.J.Field,“Mass Extinction of Birds at the Cretaceous-Paleogene(K-Pg)Boundary,”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(2011):15253-15257.
[24] Nicholas R.Longrich,B hart-Anjan S.Bhullar,and Jacques A.Gauthier,“Mass Extinction of Lizards and Snakes at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary,”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(2012):21396-21401.
[25] Kenneth Rose,The Beginning of the Age of Mammals(Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,2006),2.
[26] 美国当代流行音乐歌手、创作人,以特立独行、穷尽想象的夸张风格著称。——译者
[27] Paul D.Taylor,Extinctions in the History of Life(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2004),2.