参考文献（第8/11页）

303 . L. Franzini and W. Spears, ‘Contributions of social context to inequalities in years of life lost to heart disease in Texas, USA’, SocialScience and Medicine(2003) 57 (10): 1847–61.

304 . C. M. Masi, L. C. Hawkley, Z. H. Piotrowski and K. E. Pickett,‘Neighborhood economic disadvantage, violent crime, group density, andpregnancy outcomes in a diverse, urban population’, Social Science andMedicine(2007) 65 (12): 2440–57.

305 . K. E. Pickett, J. W. Collins, Jr., C. M. Masi and R. G. Wilkinson,‘The effects of racial density and income incongruity on pregnancyoutcomes’, Social Science and Medicine(2005) 60 (10): 2229–38.

306 . E. M. Roberts, ‘Neighborhood social environments and the dis-tribution of low birthweight in Chicago’, American Journal of PublicHealth(1997) 87 (4): 597–603.

307 . L. C. Vinikoor, J. S. Kaufman, R. F. MacLehose and B. A. Laraia,‘Effects of racial density and income incongruity on pregnancy outcomesin less segregated communities’, Social Science and Medicine(2008) 66 (2): 255–9.

308 . A. M. Jenny, K. C. Schoendorf and J. D. Parker, ‘The associationbetween community context and mortality among Mexican-Americaninfants’, Ethnicity and Disease(2001) 11 (4): 722–31.

309 . J. R. Dunn, B. Burgess and N. A. Ross, ‘Income distribution, publicservices expenditures, and all cause mortality in USStates’, Journal ofEpidemiology and Community Health(2005) 59 (9): 768–74.

310 . A. Deaton and D. Lubotsky, ‘Mortality, inequality and race inAmerican cities and states’, Social Science and Medicine(2003) 56 (6):1139–53.

311 . D. K. McLaughlin and C. S. Stokes, ‘Income inequality and mortalityin UScounties: does minority racial concentration matter?’ AmericanJournal of Public Health(2002) 92 (1): 99–104.

312 .R. Ram,‘Income inequality, poverty, and population health: evi-dence from recent data for the United States’, Social Science and Medicine(2005) 61 (12): 2568–76.

313 . S. V. Subramanian and I. Kawachi, ‘The association between stateincome inequality and worse health is not confounded by race’,International Journal of Epidemiology(2003) 32 (6): 1022–8.

314 . R. Ram, ‘Further examination of the cross-country associationbetween income inequality and population health’, Social Science andMedicine(2006) 62 (3): 779–91.

315 . J. Banks, M. Marmot, Z. Oldfield and J. P. Smith, ‘Disease anddisadvantage in the United States and in England’, Journal of theAmerican Medical Association(2006) 295 (17): 2037–45.312. R. Ram,

316 . J. Banks, M. Marmot, Z. Oldfield and J. P. Smith, ‘The SESHealthGradient on Both Sides of the Atlantic’. NBERWorking Paper 12674.Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

317 . D. Vagero and O. Lundberg, ‘Health inequalities in Britain andSweden’, Lancet(1989) 2 (8653): 35–6.

318 . D. A. Leon, D. Vagero and P. O. Olausson, ‘Social class differencesin infant mortality in Sweden: comparison with England and Wales’,British Medical Journal(1992) 305 (6855): 687–91.

319 . S. V. Subramanian and I. Kawachi, ‘Whose health is affected byincome inequality? A multilevel interaction analysis of contemporaneousand lagged effects of state income inequality on individual self-rated healthin the United States’, Health and Place(2006) 12 (2): 141–56.

320 . M. Wolfson, G. Kaplan, J. Lynch, N. Ross and E. Backlund,‘Relation between income inequality and mortality: empirical demonstra-tion’, British Medical Journal(1999) 319 (7215): 953–5.

321 . S. J. Babones, ‘Income inequality and population health: correlationand causality’, Social Science and Medicine(2008) 66 (7): 1614–26.

322 . C. A. Shively and T. B. Clarkson, ‘Social status and coronary arteryatherosclerosis in female monkeys’, Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis(1994) 14 (5): 721–6.

323 . C. A. Shively and T. B. Clarkson, ‘Regional obesity and coronaryartery atherosclerosis in females: a non-human primate model’, ActaMedica Scandinavica, Supplement (1988) 723: 71–8.

324 . M. Sahlins, Stone Age Economics. London: Routledge, 2003.

325 . T. Hobbes, Leviathan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

326 . K. Jensen, J. Call and M. Tomasello, ‘Chimpanzees are rationalmaximisers in an ultimatum game’, Science(2007) 318 (5847): 107–9.

327 . J. Henrich, R. Boyd, S. Bowles, C. F. Camerer, E. Fehr, H. Gintis andR. McElreath, ‘Overview and synthesis’, in J. Henrich, R. Boyd, S. Bowles,C. F. Camerer, E. Fehr and H. Gintis (eds), Foundations of HumanSociality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

328 . F. B. de Waal and F. Lanting, Bonobo: The forgotten ape. Berkeley:University of California Press, 1997.

329 . E. A. D. Hammock, L. J. Young, ‘Microsatellite instability generatesdiversity in brain and sociobehavioral traits’, Science(2005) 308 (5728):1630–34.

330 . J. B. Lassner, K. A. Matthews and C. M. Stoney, ‘Are cardiovascularreactors to asocial stress also reactors to social stress?’ Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology(1994) 66 (1): 69–77.

331 . R. I. M. Dunbar, ‘Brains on two legs: group size and the evolution of intelligence’, in F. B. de Waal (ed.), Tree of Origin: What primatebehavior can tell us about human social evolution. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 2001.

332 . C. Boehm, Hierarchy in the Forest: The evolution of egalitarianbehavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.

333 . D. Erdal and A. Whiten, ‘Egalitarianism and Machiavellian intelli-gence in human evolution’, in P. Mellars and K. Gibson K. (eds), Modellingthe Early Human Mind. Cambridge: McDonald Institute Monographs,1996.

334 . R. G. Wilkinson, The Impact of Inequality. New York: New Press,2005.

335 .J. Woodburn, ‘Egalitarian societies’, Man(1982) 17: 431–51.

336 .I. C. G. Weaver, N. Cervoni, F. A. Champagne, A. C. d’Alessio, S. Sharma, J. R. Seckl, S. Dymov, M. Szyf and M. J. Meaney, ‘Epigeneticprogramming by maternal behaviour’, Nature Neuroscience(2004) 7: 847–54.

337 . S. Morris, ‘Women laughed as they forced toddlers to take part in“dog fight”’, Guardian, 21 April 2007.

338 . G. Rizzolatti and L. Craighero, ‘The mirror-neuron system’, AnnualReview of Neuroscience(2004) 27: 169–72.

339 . M. Kosfeld, M. Heinrichs, P. J. Zak, U. Fischbacher and E. Fehr,‘Oxytocin increases trust in humans’, Nature(2005) 435: 673–6.

340 . P. J. Zak, R. Kurzban and W. Matzner, ‘The neurobiology of trust’,Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences(2004) 1032: 224–7.

341 .J. K. Rilling, G. A. Gutman, T. R. Zeh, G. Pagnoni, G. S. Berns and C. D. Kilts, ‘A neural basis for social cooperation’, Neuron(2002) 35: 395–405.

342 . N. I. Eisenberger and M. D. Lieberman, ‘Why rejection hurts’,Trends in Cognitive Science(2004) 8: 294–300.

343 . J. W. Ouwerkerk, P. A. M. van Lange and M. Gallucci, ‘Avoiding the social death penalty: ostracism and cooperation in social dilemmas’, in K. D. Williams, J. P. Forgas and W. von Hippel (eds), The SocialOutcast: Ostracism, social exclusion, rejection and bullying. New York:Psychology Press, 2005.